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Thurczy G, Kubinyi G, Bodo M, Bakos J, Szabo L. Simultaneous response of brain electrical activity (EEG) and cerebral circulation (REG) to microwave exposure in rats. Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Adair ER. Nakatani-Enomoto S, Furubayashi T, Ushiyama A, Groiss SJ, Ueshima K, Sokejima S, et al. Studies have also suggested that long-term exposure to 2.4GHz microwave radiation may lead to adverse effects, as observed in neurodegenerative diseases that originate from the altered expression of some miRNAs. Kan P, Simonsen SE, Lyon JL, Kestle JR. Cellular phone use and brain tumor: a meta-analysis. Google Scholar. Kesari KK, Behari J. Fifty-gigahertz microwave exposure effect of radiations on rat brain. . Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. Indian J Occup Environ Med. An increasing level of acetylcholine can increase the concentration of free calcium ions in synapses, but its concentration was decreased by 60% after exposure to microwave irradiation [117]. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Erdal ME, Erdal N, Ay OI, Ay ME, et al. Pathophysiology. Campisi A, Gulino M, Acquaviva R, Bellia P, Raciti G, Grasso R, et al. Int J Epidemiol. Larjavaara S, Schz J, Swerdlow A, Feychting M, Johansen C, Lagorio S, et al. Reactive oxygen species act through p38 MAPK to limit the lifespan of hematopoietic stem cells. Microwaves can influence mitochondria by damaging their structure [45], reducing ATP levels and affecting the activity of relevant enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome coxidase (COX) [119,120,121]. Microwave exposure impairs synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampus and pc12 cells through over-activation of the nmda receptor signaling pathway. In contrast, a central injection of a glucose carrier inhibitor induced injury to memories [110]. Previous studies have produced a large amount of information, and some progress has been made in theory, but the mechanisms have not yet been fully determined, and many points are still disputed. Ragozzino ME, Unick KE, Gold PE. This effect is similar to the decrease observed in NR2B in rats. Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health - PubMed Those who are accustomed to using their mobile phone ipsilaterally presented a probability that was twice that of people who dont [5,6,7]. In addition, another study showed that significant psychiatric symptoms were observed in people who worked in these areas. World J Biol Chem. 2006;12:44651. 2008;22:9927. Trends Cell Biol. Do Microwaves Affect Your Health? The Impact of Microwave Radiation - WebMD Use of mobile phones and risk of brain tumours: update of Danish cohort study. Privacy The transduction of a nerve impulse and the postsynaptic potential produced by it result in synaptic transmission. After exposure, the levels of 2 waves in the hypothalamus increased more than those in the cortex, leading to a significant reduction in the deviation of the two EGGs. By using this website, you agree to our [20] divided the radar workers into three sets: control group (n=68), exposure group I (n=40, exposed to 812GHz) and exposure group II (n=58, working with radar at 12.518.0GHz). The relationship between NMDA receptors and microwave induced learning and memory impairment: a long term observation on Wistar rats. Then that poisonous acid harms the kidneys and nervous system. Microwave Health Effects Xu S, Ning W, Xu Z, Zhou S, Chiang H, Luo J. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in vivo and is characterized by a biochemical state that tends toward oxidization, including the formation of oxygen free radicals (i.e., ROS) and nitrogen radicals reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which play major roles in oxidation. Biomed Environ Sci. It has also been reported that acute exposure to continuous waves of 900MHz EMF or 900MHz waves that were modulated to an amplitude of 50Hz increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA fragmentation as a result of the hyperstimulation of glutamate receptors [73]. daily life. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript. The results showed that at 6h, 1 d and 3 d after exposure, the groups in which the average power density was 10mW/cm2 or 50mW/cm2 displayed significant deficits in spatial learning and memory. However, the problem with these studies is that different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, and power density of the radiation and the irradiation time, were used to evaluate microwave radiation between studies. Military Med Res 4, 29 (2017). 2000;11:4135. Raised glucose levels enhance scopolamine-induced acetylcholine overflow from the hippocampus: an in vivo microdialysis study in the rat. Mack A, Georg T, Kreis P, Eickholt BJ. CAS Int J Radiat Biol. 2010;473:525. The results showed that in normal EEGs, the (3.26.0Hz) and 2 (17.830.5Hz) waves were mainly concentrated in the cortex, while the (6.017.8Hz) waves were mainly concentrated in the hypothalamus. 1990;39:13543. Electromagn Biol Med. : a biochemical study on mouse brain. Bioelectromagnetics. PubMedGoogle Scholar. frequency range from 1GHz to 10^6 GHz. The central nervous system, especially the hippocampus, is highly sensitive to microwave radiation [43, 44]. 2013;73:4737. [16] investigated workers who worked at a television transmitter station with a frequency ranging between 202 and 209MHz, 694701MHz, 750757MHz, or 774781MHz and at a medium-wave broadcasting station. [15] assessed the use of mobile and cordless phones in 347 cases of melanoma in the head and neck region and 1184 controls and found no increased risk. Electromagnetic fields (EMF): do they play a role in children's environmental health (CEH)? The normal function of synaptic vesicles depends on the normal expression of related proteins. Int J Hyg Environ Health. Othman et al. To determine the precise dose-effect relationship between microwave radiation and its biological effects, further detailed studies must be performed. Scientific, technical publications in the nuclear field | IAEA Proliferation and apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line exposed to 900 MHz modulated radiofrequency field. Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings . Wang et al. Cobb et al. However, other reports have indicated that unlike ionizing radiation, the microwave radiation produced by mobile phones does not possess sufficient energy to directly damage DNA. Hear I can show the different strength of microwave technologies. Each Wi-Fi exposure and restraint occurred for 2h/d during gestation until parturition. Wang L, Peng R, Hu X, Gao Y, Wang S, Zhao L, et al. Google Scholar. Modulation of HSP response in SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to microwaves of a mobile phone. Kumar M, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. However, there is little scientific evidence to demonstrate that children are more sensitive to electromagnetic radiation than adults [24, 25]. [38] exposed Wistar rats to a 2.856GHz pulsed microwave field for 6min. The results demonstrated the ability of electric magnetic field (EMF) to influence plasma melatonin and serotonin concentrations in radar workers. Most studies have suggested that microwave radiation can cause EEG abnormalities in experimental animals and participants, but some negative results have also been reported in studies using low-power microwaves. Whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields does not alter 12-arm radial-maze with reduced access to spatial cues in rats. Nuclear pyknosis and capillary congestion are also observed. Int J Radiat Biol. The SAR of the two groups were 0.303W/kg and 0.003W/kg. 2010;28:445. Nat Med. Singh S, Mani KV, Kapoor N. Effect of occupational EMF exposure from radar at two different frequency bands on plasma melatonin and serotonin levels. Particularly, the dramatically increasing number of mobile phones users rise significant concerns due to its potential damage on people exposed by radiofrequency waves. After irradiation was applied for 2h/d for 60 d, the authors observed the following: microwave radiation produced by mobile phones damaged the brains of adult and young rats, the damage caused by mobile phones in the calling state was significantly more severe than that observed in the standby group, and the neurons of young rats were more seriously injured than those of adult rats. This is a Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report assessing the clinical effects of daily exposure to mobile phones in general populations. Lee TM, Ho SM, Tsang LY, Yang SY, Li LS, Chan CC. Neuroreport. 1999;9:3438. 2007;34:146779. Gold PE. [58] exposed volunteers to microwaves at a frequency of 450MHz for 10 repeated intervals of 1min of irradiation and 1min off. Article Specifically, the Federal Communications . [21, 22] found a higher incidence of brain cancer in radar technicians and a shortened incubation period (i.e., less than 10years). Richter ED, Berman T, Levy O. Behav Brain Res. The potential mechanisms underlying these damaging effects range from gene expression alterations in the respiratory chain, membrane damage, Ca2+ overloading, and DNA impairment [122,123,124,125,126,127,128]. Joubert V, Bourthoumieu S, Leveque P, Yardin C. Apoptosis is induced by radiofrequency fields through the caspase-independent mitochondrial pathway in cortical neurons. 2015;91:55561. The interaction of microwaves with matter other than metallic conductors will be to rotate molecules and produce heat as result of that molecular motion. Mortazavi S, Tavakkoli-Golpayegani A, Haghani M, Mortazavi S. Looking at the other side of the coin: the search for possible biopositive cognitive effects of the exposure to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiofrequency radiation. However, with its popularization, increasing attention has been paid to its influence on humans. Int J Radiat Biol. Chin J Indus Hyg. Neuroreport. 2015;91:30611. 2006;79:13140. their effects on the human body are vastly different: - Non-ionizing Radiation Frequency range: 0.1 - 1013 Hz . Mobile phone use and risk of tumors: a meta-analysis. Most of the workers recovered when they left the source of microwave radiation. Occupational Medicine (London) 50.1 (January 2000):49-56. Bad impacts a microwave has on our daily lives. Zhao et al. volume4, Articlenumber:29 (2017) A radio frequency electric current enhances antibiotic efficacy against bacterial biofilms. J Electromagnet Anal. 2004;2004:19. 2017;38:106976. Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Effects of prenatal exposure to WIFI signal (2.45 GHz) on postnatal development and behavior in rat: influence of maternal restraint. Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted from W-CDMA-like mobile phones on sleep in humans. PubMed Article Recent advances in the effects of microwave radiation on brains. Qutob S, Chauhan V, Bellier P, Yauk C, Douglas G, Berndt L, et al. It is widely accepted that protein synthesis occurs in neuronal dendrites and may be the cellular basis of learning and memory, during which local protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity are closely linked to the efficiency of communication between neurons. Gage FH, Kelly P, Bjorklund A. Moreover, the risk of developing Alzheimers disease is 3040% lower in people who use a mobile phone for more than 10years than in other individuals [35]. Additionally, in the 2.4W/kg group, neuronal filopodial density and activity were lower on day 8, and there was a reduction of the dendritic spine maturity on day 14. Int J Radiat Biol. Abe M, Bonini NM. Richter et al. Brain cancer with induction periods of less than 10 years in young military radar workers. Melatonin and serotonin levels were estimated, which play important roles in the nervous system. 2008;86:718. To investigate the potential combined influence of maternal restraint stress and 2.45GHz Wi-Fi signal exposure on postnatal development and behavior in the offspring of exposed rats, control, Wi-Fi-exposed, restrained and both Wi-Fi-exposed and restrained groups were established. However, it concurrently also declared that the carcinogenic potential of mobile communications equipment was limited to glioma [4]. Kwon MS, Vorobyev V, Knnl S, Laine M, Rinne JO, Toivonen T, et al. Int J Radiat Biol. The effects of microwave radiation on protein synthesis in brain remain undetermined. The above results indicate a positive biological effect of microwave radiation and present a challenge with regard to how people can benefit from microwave radiation. Verma et al. ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one. Wang H, Peng R, Zhao L, Wang S, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. Reduction of Phosphorylated Synapsin I (Ser-553) leads to spatial memory impairment by attenuating GABA release after microwave exposure in Wistar rats. 2002;64:31353. Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose. Physiol Behav. [14] found that gliomas are not preferentially located in the parts of the brain with the highest exposure. Is nuclear respiratory factor 2 a master transcriptional coordinator for all ten nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits in neurons? This damage plays a key role in the structural and functional changes that are accelerated by neuronal degeneration. Li HJ, Peng RY, Wang CZ, Qiao SM, Yong Z, Gao YB, et al. These results explain the genetic mechanisms by which microwave radiation induces damage to learning and memory. [101] exposed rats to microwave radiation at frequencies of 0, 900, 1800 and 2450MHz (SARs: 0, 0.59, 0.58 and 0.66mW/kg, respectively) using a transverse electromagnetic cell for 2months for 2h/d, 5 d/week. Li-Feng Wang or Xiang-Jun Hu. Structure, development, and plasticity of dendritic spines. Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case-control study. At present, due to a general consensus that the most significant parameter for . Morris R. Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat. Bioelectromagnetics. Hardell L, Carlberg M, Mild KH, Eriksson M. Case-control study on the use of mobile and cordless phones and the risk for malignant melanoma in the head and neck region. As a result, the existing data exhibit poor reproducibility and comparability. Biological Effects of Microwave Radiation - tandfonline.com eliminating microwave and RF sources. Acta Pharmacol Sin. After 28days, the levels of Glu and Tau in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid were lower, indicating that the cognitive damage induced by microwave radiation is associated with a decrease in Glu [66, 67]. Location of gliomas in relation to mobile telephone use: a case-case and case-specular analysis. Behav Brain Res. Othman H, Ammari M, Rtibi K, Bensaid N, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Postnatal development and behavior effects of in-utero exposure of rats to radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional WiFi devices. EEG is often used as a tool to diagnose Alzheimers disease [48]. The effects of hyperthermia and hyperthermia plus microwaves on rat brain energy metabolism. Mosconi L, Tsui WH, Rusinek H, De Santi S, Li Y, Wang GJ, et al. 2006;27:295306. The authors predicted the differential expression of genes associated with transcription, translation and receptor functions (in addition to brain-related and signaling pathway-related) using the iRDB, miRbase and miRanda databases. Among the variety of neurotransmitters, glutamate is the most abundant endogenous amino acid in the mammalian central nervous system. Google Scholar. Caubet R, Pedarros-Caubet F, Chu M, Freye E, de Belem RM, Moreau J, et al. Synapses are special structures that are involved in the transmission of electrochemical signals between neurons in the central nervous system. PubMed PubMed However, impaired learning and memory were only observed in males. Eastern J Med. The conclusions are shown in Table3. 1996;180:917. 1993;13:41322. Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation - Overview | Occupational Safety

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